Saturday, August 8, 2020

The Cop and the Anthem

             Watch the video lecture on The Cop and the Anthem

(A1) (i) Discuss with your partner and find out the different ways in which Soapy

tried to get arrested. The first one is given.

(a) Tried to enter a luxurious cafe.

(b) Took a stone and dashed it through a glass window and stood still there to get arrested.

(c) Ate heartily at a restaurant and said that he had no money. 

(d) shouted and howled and raved and danced on the sidewalk.

(e) Stole an umbrella and walked in a very relaxed manner.

(ii) Describe the atmosphere when Soapy reached near the Church.

(a) A soft light glowed through the violet-stained window.

(b)The church was quaint and rambling and gabled.

(c)Sweet music drifted out of the church.

(d)The moon was full and radiant.

(e) Vehicles and pedestrians were few.

(f) Sparrows twittered sleepily in the eaves. 


(A2) (i) Read the story and match the incidents given in Column A with the consequences given in Column B.

(1) Soapy tried to enter a cafe. - Strong and ready hands of the head

waiter turned him around.

(2) Soapy broke a glass window. - The cop ran after another man.

(3) Two waiters pitched Soapy on the callous pavement.   -  He stood up slowly beating the dust

from his clothes.

(4) Soapy heard the anthem being played in the Church. - Suddenly a wonderful change came in

his heart

(5) Cop arrests Soapy for hanging around. - Dream of turning around in life was

shattered.

(ii) Give reasons and complete the following :

(a) Soapy had confidence in himself because...

Ans-  He was shaven and his coat was trim and he had his neat, black bow . The portion of him that would show above the table would raise no doubt in the waiter’s mind.

(b) The head waiter of the luxurious cafe did not allow Soapy to enter because...

Ans- head-waiter’s eye fell upon his tattered trousers and decadent shoes and so they guessed that he would not have money to pay.

(c) The cop did not arrest Soapy for breaking the glass window because

Ans- Sopy was talking to the cop calmly. The cop felt that the men who smash glass windows do not remain to chat with the police.  

(d) The cop did not arrest Soapy for shouting and dancing because...

Ans-  The cop thought that Sopy was one of the Yale Students who were celebrating the victory. The cop also said that those students were noisy but harmless and he was instructed to let them be.

(iii) Pick out the lines from the text which show that :

(a) Soapy wants to enter the cafe for two reasons.

1) A roasted mallard duck, thought Soapy,

would be about the thing with a bottle of wine and then some cheese, a cup of coffee and a cigar.

2)the meat would leave him filled and happy for the journey to his winter island.

(b) Soapy was afraid that he won't be able to enter the prison.

1) It seemed that his route to the coveted island was not to be an easy one. Some other way of entering the limbo must be devised.

(c) Soapy was not caught by the cop for throwing stones at the glass.

1)The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue.

2)The policeman saw a man half-way down the block running to catch a car

(d) Soapy actually did not want the umbrella.

1) Soapy stepped inside, grabbed the umbrella and sauntered off with it slowly.

2)He hurled the umbrella angrily into an excavation.

(e) Listening to the anthem, Soapy remembered his good old days.

1) He had known it well in the days when his life contained such things as mothers and roses and ambitions and friends and immaculate thoughts and collars.

(iv) ‘He would make a man of himself again’ – The word ‘man’ in the sentence means a responsible and worthy human being with self esteem.

(v) Soapy’s earlier life was much different from his present life. Complete the table to show this contrast.

        * Earlier life                                     * Present life

(a) Contained friends and roses      (a) Unworthy desires

(b) eager ambitions                         (b) dead hopes, degraded days

(c) clean thoughts and cloths           (c) wrecked faculties and base                                                                     motives 

(vi) After listening to the sweet and solemn organ notes, Soapy decides to :

(a) pull himself out of the mire and would make a man of himself again; he would conquer the evil that had enslaved him.

(b) resurrect his old eager ambitions and pursue them without faltering.

(c) go into the roaring downtown district and find work.

(vii) Write an incident in which you did something wrong and repented for it later. Give reasons.

Ans- My Mathematics used to yell at me every time because I never completed my homework. Once when he started scolding me, I got angry and insulted him with harsh words. I later came to know that my words hurt my teacher badly and I felt very sorry for my mistake. I repented for what I had done. Then I went to my teacher and said sorry to my teacher. 

(A3) (i) O’Henry has used different words to indicate prison where Soapy wants to reach. Make a list of those words.

(1) the island, Arcadia

(ii) Find out the words used for the 'degraded state of Soapy'.

Ans-  the pit into which he had tumbled the degraded days, unworthy desires, dead hopes, wrecked faculties and base motives, mire, evil that had enslaved him.

(iii) The specific meaning of word 'anthem' in the content of the story is....... 

1) a rousing or uplifting song

(A4) (i) Convert the following sentences into negative without changing their meanings. (हा topic तुम्हाला लवकरच youtube वर NilSan Educare द्वारे शिकवल्या जाईल.)

(a) The policeman refused to accept Soapy even as a clue.

Ans- The policeman didn't accept soapy even as a clue.

(b) Soapy drifted along twice unsuccessful.

Ans- Soapy drifted along twice not successful. 

(c) Soapy stopped his unavailing racket.

Ans- Soapy stopped his racket which was not successful.

(d) The island seemed very far away.

Ans- The island seemed not at all near.

(e) The island seemed an unattainable Arcadia.

Ans- The island seemed an Arcadia which was not attainable.

(ii) Convert the following sentences into affirmative without changing their meanings. 

(हा topic तुम्हाला लवकरच youtube वर NilSan Educare द्वारे शिकवल्या जाईल.)

(a) Men who smash windows do not remain to chat with the police.

  Ans- Main who smash windows refrain from remaining to                           chat with the police.

(b) Why don’t you call a cop?

   Ans- Please call a cop.

(c) On the opposite side of the street was a restaurant of no great pretensions.

  Ans- On the opposite side of the street was a very ordinary                          restaurant 

(d) Noisy; but no harm.

   Ans- Noisy; but harmless.

(e) They seemed to regard him as a King who could do no wrong.

    Ans- They seemed to regard him as a King who was always right.


                 (Writing Skill separate post मध्ये  clear करु)

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Wednesday, June 24, 2020

Subject - Verb Agreement

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                           Subject verb agreement part 1
  
The use of verb according to the number and person of a subject in a sentence is called Subject-Verb Agreement.


Rules of Subject-Verb Agreement: 

I. General Rules: 

1. Singular verb is used for Singular Subject.
2. Plural verb is used for Plural Subject.
3. First Person Singular Subjects take singular verb and Plural Subjects take plural verb.
4. Second Person Singular and Plural Subjects both take plural verb.
5. Third Person Singular Subjects take singular verb and Plural subjects take plural verb.
Note: I is used as a singular subject, but both singular and plural verb is used for it.
Ex - I am a teacher.
           s.v.
        I have a cycle. 
           p.v.

II. Special Rules: 

1. Suppositional Sentences generally start with if, as if, as though, if only, suppose, I wish, We wish, He wishes, She wishes always take Plural Verb 'Were'. 
Ex - I wish Manisha were my wife.
        If he were my boss, he would suspend me.

2. Two singular nouns joined with 'and', take plural verb.
Ex - A boy and a girl love each other.
        John and Robert have done well in the examination.

3. Two subjects(Nouns) joined with and but referring to one idea, same person, same thing, take singular verb.
                                              or 
When pairing words like - bread and butter, rice and curry, hammer and sickle, slow and steady, truth and honesty, horse and carriage, crown and glory, rise and fall, coming and going, screaming and shouting, age and experience, eggs and bacon, ham and eggs, long and short, sum and substance, bag and baggage etc. used as a subject in a sentence, singular verb is used.

Ex - a)Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast.
        b)Rice and curry is a popular dish.

Note: If two singular uncountable nouns joined with 'and', and used as a subject of a sentence then it refers to a class and Plural Verb is used for it.

Ex -a) Time and tide wait for none.
        b)Fire and water do not agree.

4. If two Singular nouns joined with 'and', and there is articles or possessive adjectives before the first noun, then it refers to same person and singular verb is used for it.

Ex - a)The Principal and Secretary was there.
        b)My uncle and guardian has come to see me.

5. Two singular nouns joined with 'and', and there is articles or possessive adjectives before both the nouns, Plural verb is used.

Ex - The Principal and the Secretary were there.
        My uncle and my guardian have come to see me.

6. If two Adjectives joined with 'and' are used before a common noun and there is an indefinite article(a/an) before the first adjective, singular verb is used.

Ex - A black and white cat is mewing.

7. If two Adjectives joined with 'and' are used before a common noun and there is an indefinite article(a/an) before both the adjectives, plural verb is used.

Ex - A black and a white cat were mewing.

8. Each/every/either/neither + singular countable noun = singular verb.

Ex - Each boy was handsome.
        Either pen writes well.

9. Each of/either of/neither of + plural noun/plural pronoun = Singular verb.

Ex - Each of these four pens is red.
        Neither of you knows English.

10. Two subjects joined with or, nor, either....or, neither...nor, not only ... but also take verb according to the second subject.

Ex - He or I am to blame.
        Neither Shyam nor his friends were innocent.

11. Two subjects joined with 'with' or 'as well as', take verb according to the first subject.

Ex - I with my guards was going to the market.
        You as well as your puppy were coming to Shyam.

12. When the structure of a sentence is Noun + preposition + Noun, then the first noun is the original subject and singular or plural verb is used according to it.

Ex - The water of these rivers is dirty.
        The pages of this book is missing.

13. Plenty of/a lot of/half of/most of + singular noun = singular verb and Plenty of/a lot of/half of/most of + plural          noun = plural verb.

Ex - Half of the boys are absent.
        Half of the mango is rotten.

14. Many/a great many/A good many + Plural noun and Many of/A great many of/A good many of + Plural noun/Plural Pronoun = Plural verb.

Ex - Many students have passed.
        A good many of us have gone to London.

15. Many a/Many an + Singular countable noun = Singular verb.

Ex - Many a boy goes to college in time.
        Many an orange was rotten.

16. If Many, A good many, A great many is used as a subject in a sentence, Plural verb is used.

Ex - Many are absent from the class.
        There are two thousand students in this school and a good many are very laborious.

17. Indefinite Pronouns such as - Everybody, somebody, anybody, everyone, someone, no one, anyone are considered singular and singular verb is used.

Ex - Everybody should protect himself/herself from loo.
        Everyone wants to qualify in the NDA examination.

18. Indefinite Pronouns such as - Everything, something, nothing, anything are used for indefinite things and considered singular. So singular verb is used for them.

Ex - Everything looks beautiful itself.
        Everything has its own importance.

19. A number of uses Plural verb where as The number of uses singular verb.

Ex - A number of students were present.
        The number of boys are forty.

20. The amount of/A large amount of/A great deal of/A good deal of + Singular uncountable noun = Singular verb.

Ex - The amount of money is not sufficient.

21. Few/A few/Very few + Plural noun and Few of/A few of/Very few of + Pl. noun/Pl. Pronoun = Plural verb.

Ex - Very few girls are laborious.
        Few of these pens are in order.

22. None/None of + Singular Uncountable = Singular verb.

Ex - None has gone yet.
        None of this money is yours.

23. When Little, a little, the little, much is used as the subject of a sentence, Singular verb is used.

Ex - Little is known about this man.
        Much has been done.

24. If the subject of a sentence is Single infinitive, Single Gerund and Single Clause, Singular verb is used.

Ex - To swim is a good exercise.
        Swimming is a good exercise. 
       Where she goes is not known to me.

25. A/An + Singular Collective Noun + of + Plural Noun = Singular verb.

Ex - A herd of oxen is grazing in the field.
        A team of players has come here.

26. Furniture, advice, news, information, luggage, baggage, percentage, poetry, scenery, knowledge, dirt, dust, traffic, electricity, music, breakage, stationery, confectionery, pottery, bakery, crockery, behaviour, armour etc. are always singular and singular verb is used.

Ex - The news is true.
        Her knowledge of Physics is rich.

27. Some nouns seem to be Plural but are singular in meaning. So singular verb is used for them.

Ex - Measles is a dangerous disease.
        Billiards is not a popular game.
        The United States has a big army.
        The Lions of the East is a nice book.

28. If article 'The" or possessive adjectives are used before the name of a subject, Plural verb is used.

Ex - His Mathematics are poor.
        The Physics of Robert are good.

29. If the subject of a sentence is The + Adjective, Plural verb is used.

Ex - The poor are honest.
        The virtuous are blessed.

30. Some nouns seem to be singular but are plural in meaning, Plural verb is used.

Ex - The police are chasing the thieves.
        The poultry are sold here.

31. A pair of followed by plural nouns take singular verb.

Ex - A pair of trousers is new.
        A pair of shoes has been bought.

32. All the garments, tools, instruments etc. which have two parts are considered plurals and take plural verb.

Ex - His spectacles have been framed.
        His trousers are loose.